Interviewing Beyond the Surface
By Patty Crabtree, CEO of Lighthouse Consulting Partners LLC
Interviews often move quickly. A question is asked. The candidate gives a thoughtful answer. The interviewer nods, feels satisfied, and moves on to the next topic. The conversation continues this way until time runs out and everyone leaves feeling like they learned a lot.
But in reality, many interviews only scratch the surface. The first answer a candidate gives is often the most prepared version of the story. It is polished, organized, and designed to highlight success. That does not mean it is inaccurate but it rarely tells the whole story.
In interviewing, the next question often begins to open the door to the truth. The follow-up question moves candidates beyond their prepared responses and into real-time thinking. That is when you begin to hear how someone actually approaches challenges, makes decisions, and interacts with others. And sometimes it takes more than one follow-up question to fully understand what really happened.
The Surface Answer
Most candidates arrive at interviews with several examples ready to share. They have likely practiced describing situations where they solved problems, collaborated with a team or delivered strong results. These stories are often well structured. They follow a familiar pattern: the situation, the action taken and the positive outcome.
For example, if you ask: “Tell me about a time you resolved a conflict on your team.”
A candidate might respond with a clear and polished story about bringing people together, communicating openly and reaching a successful resolution. At this stage, the answer sounds strong. The candidate demonstrates collaboration, communication and leadership.
And this is where many interviews move on. But if the interviewer stops there, they only hear the version of the story that has been prepared and practiced.
Opening the Door with Follow-Up Questions
The follow-up question is where the conversation starts to shift. Instead of moving on, the interviewer stays with the same example and explores it more deeply.
For instance:
- What specific actions did you take that brought the team together?
- How did the other person initially respond to your approach?
- What part of that situation was most challenging for you?
- What feedback did you receive afterward?
These questions invite candidates to move beyond the summary and begin explaining the experience in greater detail. Often the tone of the conversation changes at this point. Candidates pause longer. They think before answering. They provide additional context or nuance that was not part of the original story.
This is where insight begins to emerge. And sometimes the next question is only the beginning. It may take several follow-up questions before the full picture becomes clear.
Why Interviewers Stop Too Early
If follow-up questions are so valuable, why do interviewers often move on?
There are a few common reasons.
- First, interviews are time limited. Interviewers want to cover many topics within a short conversation so they prioritize breadth over depth. Sometimes diving into a few strong questions will provide more insight than asking questions on multiple topics.
- Second, strong answers feel reassuring. When a candidate provides a compelling example, interviewers feel confident they have learned what they needed to know. In essence, they may hear what they want to hear instead of exploring more deeply.
- Third, moving on feels polite. Some interviewers worry that probing too deeply may feel uncomfortable or confrontational. Interviews are meant to be insightful. While asking deeper questions may be uncomfortable, it can provide the information needed to make an informed decision.
But depth not coverage is what reveals patterns. Hearing ten surface-level stories tells you far less than deeply understanding two or three.
What Follow-Up Questions Reveal
When interviewers stay with an example longer, several important signals emerge.
- Decision-making patterns. How did the candidate decide what to do? What options did they consider? Did they seek input from others?
- Personal challenges. What part of the situation stretched them or made them uncomfortable?
- Impact on others. How did colleagues experience the situation? Did the candidate adapt their approach based on feedback?
- Learning and adjustment. What did the candidate take away from the experience? Did it change how they work today?
These insights rarely appear in the first answer. They emerge gradually as the interviewer asks additional questions and the candidate reflects more deeply on what actually happened.
Slowing the Interview Down
One of the most effective interview techniques is simply slowing the conversation down. Instead of asking the next question immediately, pause and listen for something worth exploring.
A word.
A phrase.
A decision.
A moment in the story that raises curiosity.
Then ask another question. And another after that.
For example:
“You mentioned that the team initially resisted your approach. What did that resistance look like?”
or
“You said the project ultimately succeeded. What part of that process was most difficult for you personally?”
Each additional question brings the conversation a little closer to how the candidate truly operates.
Listening for Patterns, Not Stories
Stories are helpful, but they are not the goal. The real goal of an interview is to understand patterns.
- How someone consistently approaches problems.
- How they communicate under pressure.
- How they respond to feedback or disagreement.
Patterns only become visible when the interviewer looks beyond the first answer. When candidates describe multiple examples in detail, similarities begin to appear. Their thinking process becomes clearer. Their approach to challenges becomes more predictable.
Without follow-up questions, those patterns remain hidden behind polished summaries.
The Interviewer’s Role
A helpful way to think about interviewing is this:
Your role is not simply to ask questions. Your role is to investigate with curiosity.
When something sounds interesting, unclear, or important, stay with it. Ask another question. Invite the candidate to explain their thinking more fully. Most candidates actually welcome this deeper conversation. It gives them the opportunity to move beyond rehearsed answers and share how they truly work.
The Next Question
The first question opens the conversation. The next question often opens the door to the truth. And sometimes it takes a few more questions before the full picture comes into view.
Great interviews are not defined by how many questions are asked. They are defined by how thoughtfully the interviewer explores the answers.
Because in hiring conversations, the truth rarely lives in the first answer. It emerges through curiosity and thoughtful follow-up.
If you are interested in learning more about how to incorporate follow up questions into your interview process, please contact us at Info@LighthouseConsulting.com.
Lighthouse Consulting Partners, LLC
Testing Division provides a variety of services, including an In-depth Work Style Personality assessment for new hires, staff development, career guidance and team building. Our assessment is available in 19 different languages. In addition, we offer skills testing and 360 assessments.
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Famed management author Ken Blanchard says feedback is the breakfast of champions. Psychologist Dr. Joyce Brothers said listening, not imitation, is the sincerest form of flattery. Super successful CEOs like Bill Gates say we all need feedback because that is how we improve.
“Naturally to some degree people are resistant to feedback,” says Tom Drucker, MA, who helps Lighthouse Consulting clients debrief 360-degree survey results. “We all have defenses against feedback, so the feedback needs to be mediated by someone who is trained to do this.”
The meat of this section of the 360-degree is getting statistically valid data on observable behaviors and the impact those behaviors have on their boss and others.
Drucker began consulting after spending 15 years as a senior executive in Human Resources at Xerox Corporation. His experience at Xerox provided him with a global business perspective and refined his personal skills in leadership and management. He has developed unique methods for coaching successful leaders as they grow their organizations. He is also very proud to apply these same business tools to nonprofit organizations and community institutions like schools, hospitals, and law enforcement agencies.
“Know how stressful or intimidating panel interviews can be,” says Crabtree. “Make it fun and interactive. The attitude should be: ‘Let’s have a conversation and get to know each other. Let’s see how this dynamic will work and if you have the skills to do the job successfully.’”
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